In this slim book, Gordon Clark offers his pithy insights on the doctrine of the Logos made flesh. Clark was unable to finish _The Incarnation_ because he died; John Robbins, upon Clark's request, grafted two paragraphs onto Clark's incomplete conclusion. This annexed conclusion is essentially a summation of what Clark has already expounded in the text: Jesus Christ was both God and man: the Logos "did not merely light the mind of Christ"--the Logos _is_ Christ.

Does this sound like Nestorianism? It isn't: Clark, anticipating false charges, argues that his doctrine is _not_ a revived version of Nestorianism.

Clark begins this argument in his introduction: he quotes in full the Creed of Chalcedon, calling it "the most important source of information on the early heretical theories [on the Incarnation]." The Creed sets out to explain what the Incarnation is not; thus, these "negative definitions" describe the early heresies (i.e., the Creed's charge that Christ was "...not parted or divided into two persons" is a charge against Nestorianism). Clark remarks that the rather brief Creed of Chalcedon is not all that helpful for someone who wishes to know what the Incarnation _is_. But more importantly, he notes the undefined terms within the Creed: "consubstantial," "nature," "person," et al.

Next, in his chapter "The Heresies," Clark describes Cassian's account of Nestorius's doctrine on the Incarnation. According to Nestorius (according to Cassius (according to Clark)), Christ was a 'double Person in one nature.'

Clark then (admirably) denounces the ambiguity of the aforementioned terms, for these undefined terms are the "fatal flaw" within the Creed. Free from the non-sense words, Clark is thus able to offer his own definitions. And so, he defines "person" as a "composite of propositions." This definition is derived from Proverbs ("As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he"); in a less elegant way, Clark says, "A man _is_ what he _thinks_."

Clark having thus paved the way, Robbins asserts, "Jesus Christ was and is both God and man, a divine person and a human person." The Incarnation did not compromise God's divinity, nor did it compromise Jesus' humanity. Indeed, it is impossible for there to be such a compromise--God cannot be omni-potent and im-potent. God cannot die upon a cross. Yet Jesus did.

For Clark and Robbins, the resolution to this paradox is that Jesus Christ is both a Person and a person.

Clark says much more than this in a much better way. I recommend this book to any Christian who has never sufficiently answered the question, "Who is Christ?"

When I came upon the book, Index Card Games for ESL, I was a little skeptical at first. It sounded like alot of work, or trouble. However, after reading through this book, and using it in my class, I found it to be extremely helpful in teaching english concepts very quickly, it was fun, and it was very easy. I took paper and cut it up into squares,( because I didn't have index cards) and quickly wrote out one of the games . My students loved the interaction that it gave with each other. It helped them to practice their english skills with each other, it also helped them with their english applications. The first game we played was matching synonyms. It was fun for us all! It was such a change from what we had been using. I had to look up the book to see if there was another edition of the book! And there is! I can't wait to see it as well.

This is an excellent book of selected stories of the rich,fascinating history of India.Check it out!!

Though this book was first published in 1953, the stories and legends enclosed in Ms. Clark's book are interesting in 1999. I was surprized to find a story and lore concerning a local rock painting site. Each of the stories are indentified by the tribe or nation they come from. This book is a must for anyone interested in Native American lore or legends.

One language connected all tribes of Americans not long ago. This book is filled with translations from English to Native American Sign Language as well the historical facts related to the period that this book was written. Even tribal accents are noted as certain tribes expressed the same words using their own habitual pronunciations in sign. This book not only clearly explains the language but paints a picture alphabetically of the subjects, abstract and tangible, that Native Americans talked about in 1877.

Only 79 pages long, gets down to the business of Glasgow and immediate area using the format of "walking routes", which tell where to wander while describeing the sights seen on that route. Does not spend too much time on history or politics or other stuff. Great little book for research before going, and a definite put in your pocket when you hit the Glaswegian streets.

I was lucky enough to take a class from Professor Samovar. This was a great book and a good introduction to intercultural communication.

Those with a serious, scientific interest in crayfish or branchiobdellids will find this is to be an indispensable reference (branchiobdellids are little worms that attach by suckers to the outside of crayfish, or live in their gill chambers). It is a comprehensive bibliography on crayfish, and includes citations to all references through 1987. For those not familiar with scientific bibliographies, this book basically is a list of all books, scientific papers, and other documents written about crayfish, from Aristotle's time through 1987 -- it does not include actual information about crayfish, but is the key to finding that information.

Assembling a bibliography like this takes years of dedicated work. This particular bibliography is outstanding for a number of reasons.

Most entries are annotated, using codes to conserve space -- the need to refer to the two-page table of codes is a little inconvenient, but there is no other way to annotate without greatly increasing the length of the book. Annotations are extremely valuable to those using a bibliography, and their inclusion makes this bibliography particularly valuable.

The entries are both alphabetized by author and sequentially numbered. The comprehensive index cites to the sequential numbers to conserve space. The entries for 1986-1987 appear in a separate list at the end of the book, with their own index, but that does not detract from the utility of the book.

The actual list of references is in small print, but the entries are still easy to read -- with over 12,000 entries, small print is necessary to keep the book at a size that is convenient to use.

The authors explain in detail how they assembled the bibliography, and offer the user a number of practical tips. An interesting bar graph following the preface shows the geometric growth of the crayfish literature during most of the 20th century.

The copy I purchased came with a CD. I have not had time to fully explore the CD, but it should be extremely useful to anyone who needs to assemble a preliminary bibliography on a limited aspect of crayfish biology.

Finally, the full-color photo of a longpincered crayfish on the dust jacket is striking.

This is not bedside reading for most folks, but it is an extremely valuable reference for anyone interested in studying crayfish or branchiobdellids. Thanks to the authors for a monumental task well done.

Anthony Clark Arend and Robert Beck have written an intellectually honest piece exploring the use of force under international law. The book begins with a discussion of the development of the law regarding the use of force from ancient times to the writing of the United Nations charter. The book then goes on to fairly examine state behavior since the UN Charter and poses the question: how has custom strayed from the thinking that inspired the Charter and the mechanisms that it set up. They give an objective, balanced overview of the state of law regarding a number of issues from intervention in civil and mixed conflict to rescue of nationals abroad and dealing with terrorists. Though they discuss all sides of the issue, Arend and Beck ultimately conclude that although international law's intentions at the end of World War II were nobel -- and despite the fact that the Charter paradigm still exists on paper -- a realistic assessment of the facts requires the conclusion that the paradigm has been rejected by states through their practices and thereby ceased to be international law.

International Rules is a prime example of a composite being more the sum of its parts. The authors collected writings from the main schools of international law (IL) and international relations (IR) scholarship and provide the reader with the basic analytical tools to ponder the place of rules (and norms) in the international system. In addition to an insightful introduction to each of the eight schools represented (five IL and three IR schools), Professors Beck and Arend wrote an opening (Beck) and closing (Arned) chapter providing a general framework for the discussion. The main problem tackled by the collection is the divergent positions and lack of communication between the fields of international relations and international law. While international law assumes the influence of (though not necessarily compliance with) legal rules on the behavior of its subject (and when it cannot exert such influence, it would no longer be classified as law) this point is, indeed, an open point of discussion among IR scholars. IR's Realists, for example, refuse to accept the influence of rules, rather focusing on power and view whatever rules do exist in the international system as mere reflections of the configuration of power. Even some of the IL schools focus on the influence power has on the formation of rules (IL's Feminists, New Stream and New Haven schools), as Beck aptly points out (pp. 15). Yet, some of the most interesting and groundbreaking work on the enigma of international rules finds no place in the collection. The constructivist program of research in IR focuses on the social determinants of the international system. As such, their work explores, with great detail, such issues as the function of norms and norm emergence, the influence of identity on action in the international arena and on the mutual constitution of the actor and the international system. This school traces its roots to Headly Bull's "The Anarchical Society" and from the late 1980's a flurry of writings on these subjects has emerged. In fact, Arend published an article (Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, 1998, pp.107) and a book (Legal Rules and International Society, 1999) focusing on rules in the international system both of which implement constructivist methods. With the exception of the selection from Keohane setting off the constructivist approach (named by him "reflective"), the selection from Hurrell is really the only one which will give the reader a view into this important body of scholarship (although the select bibliography will set the reader in the right direction). Beyond this obvious shortcoming, there are several smaller ones I feel need to be pointed out. First, bringing Feminist voices to the discussion is laudable, but it is my feeling that the more developed "Third World" voice should not have been overlooked. (see: Third World Attitudes Toward International Law: An Introduction (F. Snyder and S. Sathirathai, Eds.), 1987 and K. Mickelson's "Rhetoric and Rage" article in Wisconsin Int'l Law Journal, Vol. 16 (1998) pp. 353). Second, Beck raises the question of the place of morality in the development of legal norms, yet the selections do not include the work of Lon Fuller, who wrote extensively on this subject. Nonetheless, I feel this book is an excellent starting point for the discussion on the place of norms in the international system and warmly recommend it to anyone with an interest in this subject.